How can I say in Japanese that there are cookies on the table?
Three dimensions position (above, below, left, right)
When talking about the position in three dimensions, the same grammar pattern is used as two dimensions.
See also: Position (2 dimensions)
Grammar pattern for the position is:
ObjectのPositionに
Object no Position ni
But there are position concepts which slightly differ from English ones:
上: ue: above and on
下: shita: below and under
So, you don’t need to pay attention if one touches something or is covered with something.
For example,
テーブルの上に写真があります。
teeburu no ue ni syashin ga ari masu.
There is a photo on / above the table.
テーブルの下に猫がいます。
teeburu no shita ni neko ga i masu.
There is a cat under the table.
スーパーの左に本屋があります。
suupaa no hidari ni hon-ya ga ari masu.
There is a bookstore to the left of a supermarket.
本屋の右にスーパーがあります。
hon-ya no migi ni suupaa ga ari masu.
There is a supermarket to the right of a bookstore.
Three dimensions position (next, near, between)
The grammar pattern is the same to the two dimensions:
ObjectのPositionに
Object no Position ni
And just like two dimension expression that can be seen in xxxxxxxxxx, we need to pay attention to 間: aida: between,
Object1とObject2の間に
Object1 to Object2 no aida ni
For example,
わたしの隣に恋人がいます。
watashi no tonari ni koibito ga i masu.
There is my lover next to me.
学校の近くにマクドナルドがあります。
gakkou no chikaku ni Makudonarudo ga ari masu.
There is a MacDonald near the school.
本屋と花屋の間に駅があります。
hon-ya to hanaya no aida ni eki ga ari masu.
There is the station between a bookstore and a flower shop.
Three dimensions position (in front of, behind, inside, outside)
For talking about the positions in three dimensions, we can’t forget about these expressions: 前(mae: in front of)、後ろ(ushiro: behind)、外(soto: outside)、中(naka: inside)
For example,
駅の前に市役所があります。
eki no mae ni shiyakusho ga ariasu.
There is the city hall in front of the station.
冷蔵庫の後ろにお金がありました。
reizouko no ushiro ni okane ga ari mashita.
There was some money behind the refrigerator.
財布の中にお金が全然ありません。
saihu no naka ni okane ga zenzen ariasen.
There is no money inside the wallet.
家の外にジェイソンがいます。
ie no soto ni Jeison ga i masu.
There is Jason outside the house.
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